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Brazilian cruiser Bahia
''Bahia'' was the lead ship of a two-vessel class of cruisers built for Brazil by the British company Armstrong Whitworth. In November 1910, just six months after her commissioning, crewmen aboard ''Bahia'', , , and mutinied, beginning the (Revolt of the Lash). During the four-day rebellion, Brazil's capital city of Rio de Janeiro was held hostage by the possibility of a naval bombardment, leading the government to give in to the rebel demands, which included the abolition of flogging in the navy. During the First World War, ''Bahia'' and her sister ship were assigned to the (Naval Division in War Operations), the Brazilian Navy's main contribution in that conflict. Based out of Sierra Leone and Dakar, the squadron escorted convoys through an area believed to be heavily patrolled by U-boats.
In the mid-1920s, ''Bahia'' was extensively modernized. She received three new Brown–Curtis turbine engines and six new Thornycroft boilers, and, in the process, was converted from coal-burning to oil. The refit resulted in a striking aesthetic change, with the exhaust being trunked into three funnels instead of two. The armament was also modified; three Madsen guns, a Hotchkiss machine gun, and four torpedo tubes were added. In the 1930s, she served with government forces during multiple revolutions.
In the Second World War, ''Bahia'' was once again used as a convoy escort, sailing over in the span of about a year. On 4 July 1945 she was acting as a plane guard for transport aircraft flying from the Atlantic to Pacific theaters of war. While ''Bahia''s gunners were firing at a kite for anti-aircraft practice, one aimed too low and hit depth charges stored near the stern of the ship, resulting in a massive explosion that incapacitated the ship and sank her within minutes. Only a small portion of the crew survived the blast, and even fewer were still living when their rafts were discovered days later.
==Construction and commissioning==
''Bahia'' was part of a large 1904 naval building program by Brazil.〔"(Cruzador Bahia – C 12/C 2 )" , ''Navios de Guerra Brasileiros''. Retrieved 8 November 2012.〕〔Scheina, "Brazil," 403.〕 Also planned as part of this were the two dreadnoughts, ten s, three submarines and a submarine tender.〔〔Scheina, ''Latin America's Wars'', 37.〕 With a design that borrowed heavily from the British scout cruisers,〔Scheina, "Brazil," 405.〕 ''Bahia''s keel was laid on 19 August 1907 in Armstrong Whitworth's Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne yard.〔〔R.B. Haworth, "6103832 ()" (subscription required), (''Miramar Ship Index'' ). Retrieved 19 October 2009.〕 Construction took about a year and a half, and she was launched on 20 January 1909.〔〔 The process of fitting out pushed her completion date to 2 March 1910,〔 after which she sailed to Brazil, arriving in Recife on 6 May.〔"(''Bahia'' (3°) )" , ''Histórico de Navios; Serviço de Documentação da Marinha'', Marinha do Brasil. Retrieved 27 January 2015.〕 The new cruiser—the third ship of the Brazilian Navy to honor the state of Bahia〔〔—was commissioned into the navy shortly thereafter on 21 May 1910.〔 As a class, ''Bahia'' and ''Rio Grande do Sul'' were the fastest cruisers in the world when they were commissioned,〔 and the first in the Brazilian Navy to utilize steam turbines for propulsion.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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